Maintenance guide
What not to put in a septic system
A septic system relies on bacteria to break down waste and soil to absorb water. The wrong things flushed or poured down the drain clog the system or kill those bacteria, leading to backups and expensive repairs. Here is what to keep out.
Do not flush these down the toilet
Even if a label says flushable, keep these out:
- Wipes (baby, cleaning, 'flushable') do not break down and cause clogs.
- Paper towels, tissues, and feminine hygiene products.
- Diapers, cotton balls and swabs, and dental floss.
- Cat litter, cigarette butts, and condoms.
- Medications; dispose of them properly, as they harm the bacteria and water.
Do not pour these down the drain
Sinks matter too:
- Grease, fats, and cooking oil, which congeal and clog the lines and field.
- Coffee grounds, eggshells, and large amounts of food scraps.
- Paint, solvents, gasoline, and other chemicals.
- Excess bleach, drain cleaners, and antibacterials that kill the septic bacteria.
- Large volumes of water-softener brine; check your system's guidance.
Go easy on the garbage disposal and water
A garbage disposal adds solids and can require pumping much more often, so use it sparingly. Spreading out laundry and fixing leaks prevents hydraulic overload, which floods the drain field. Both habits extend system life.
Do you need septic additives?
Most septic professionals and the EPA say a normally functioning system does not need additive products, and some can even harm it. The best maintenance is routine pumping and keeping harmful items out. If you have symptoms, get an inspection rather than relying on an additive.
Keep reading
Last updated 2026-06-25. General information for homeowners; local rules, soil, and system condition vary, so confirm specifics with a licensed local septic professional.
FAQ
Common questions
Are flushable wipes safe for septic systems?
No. Despite the label, wipes do not break down like toilet paper and are a common cause of clogs in septic systems and pumps. Put them in the trash.
Does bleach hurt a septic system?
Normal, diluted household use is generally fine, but large amounts of bleach, drain cleaners, or antibacterials kill the bacteria that break down waste. Use them sparingly.
Do septic tank additives work?
Most professionals and the EPA say a healthy system does not need them, and some additives can harm the system or drain field. Routine pumping and good habits are what work.
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